About the Authors

Alhassan Siiba

Contributed equally to this work with: Alhassan Siiba, Joseph Kangmennaang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Joseph Kangmennaang

Contributed equally to this work with: Alhassan Siiba, Joseph Kangmennaang

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Leonard Baatiema

Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

leobaatiema@ug.edu.gh

‡ LB and IL also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana Legon, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Isaac Luginaah

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ LB and IL also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.