About the Authors

Hasveer Singh

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mariam Z. Shahid

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Geriatric Medicine, Airedale General Hospital, Airedale Hospital Trusts, Bradford, United Kingdom

Stephanie L. Harrison

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Deirdre A. Lane

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Gregory Y. H. Lip

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Sunil Jit R. J. Logantha

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sunil.logantha@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliations Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SLH has received an investigator-initiated grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). DAL has received investigator-initiated educational grants from BMS and Pfizer, has been a speaker for Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and BMS/Pfizer and has consulted for BMS and Boehringer Ingelheim; all outside the submitted work. GYHL has received consultancy and speaker fees for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees are received personally. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.