About the Authors

Alan A. Woodall

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Powys Teaching Health Board, Bronllys Hospital, Powys, United Kingdom

Aseel S. Abuzour

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Samantha A. Wilson

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Frances S. Mair

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Iain Buchan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NIHR Mental Health Research for Innovation Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Sally B. Sheard

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Paul Atkinson

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Dan W. Joyce

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NIHR Mental Health Research for Innovation Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Pyers Symon

Roles Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Lauren E. Walker

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lauren.walker@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

AW, LW, IB, AA, SW and FM receive funding from the NIHR DynAIRx project (NIHR 203986) investigating the use of artificial intelligence to optimize prescribing. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.