About the Authors

Jason Zhang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Romesh P. Nalliah

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Jennifer F. Waljee

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Chad M. Brummett

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Kao-Ping Chua

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

chuak@med.umich.edu

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Competing Interests

Drs. Chua, Brummett, and Nalliah report receiving honoraria from the Benter Foundation to design an initiative to improve opioid prescribing by U.S. dentists. Dr. Chua also reports receiving consulting fees from the U.S. Department of Justice. Dr. Brummett also reports providing expert testimony and serving as a consultant for Heron Therapeutics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, and Alosa Health. No other conflicts of interest were reported. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.