About the Authors

Anoop D. Shah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

anoop@doctors.org.uk

Affiliations Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Anuradhaa Subramanian

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Jadene Lewis

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Samir Dhalla

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Health Improvement Network Ltd., London, United Kingdom

Elizabeth Ford

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom

Shamil Haroon

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Valerie Kuan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

ADS has received research grants from THIS Institute, NIHR, UKRI and BHF. VK has received a research grant from UKRI. EF has received research grants from NIHR. KN has been awarded research grants from NIHR, UKRI/MRC, Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Trust, European Regional Development Fund, Institute for Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Action Against Macular Degeneration Charity, Midlands Neuroscience Teaching and Development Funds, South Asian Health Foundation, Vifor Pharma, College of Police, and CSL Behring, all payments were made to his academic institution. KN has received consulting fees from BI, Sanofi, CEGEDIM, MSD and holds a leadership/fiduciary role with NICST, a charity and OpenClinical, a Social Enterprise. None of the authors has involvement in products or patents relevant to this study. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.