About the Authors

Conall Green

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Thomas Beaney

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

thomas.beaney@imperial.ac.uk (TB); d.salman11@imperial.ac.uk (DS)

Affiliation Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

David Salman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

thomas.beaney@imperial.ac.uk (TB); d.salman11@imperial.ac.uk (DS)

Affiliations Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MSk Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Catherine Robb

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Celeste A. de Jager Loots

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Parthenia Giannakopoulou

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Chi Udeh-Momoh

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sara Ahmadi-Abhari

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Azeem Majeed

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Lefkos T. Middleton

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Alison H. McGregor

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MSk Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Sara Ahmadi-Abhari declares funding from EIT-health for a brain ageing PhD school programme, and is an unpaid advisor for small-sized chronic care management start-up (Medsien); Chi Udeh-Momoh declares: funding from a project grant funding consortia that included Janssen R&D, Gates Foundation, Merck and Takeda, a project grant from RoseTrees Foundation Trust and a project grant from Alzheimers Research UK; funding for a speaking engagement at the Lausanne IX workshop, an engagement at the Meeting of the Minds Neuroscience Conference, and was an invited speaker at the Reserve in Dementia Conference; is a scientific advisor at the Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi; and is an unpaid executive committee member at Biofluids-based Biomarker Professional Interest Area for iSTAART, and a board of trustee member for the British Society for Neuroendocrinology; Lefkos T. Middleton reports research funding from Janssen, Novartis, Merck and Takeda, outside the submitted work and had unpaid leadership roles at the Clinical Trials in Alzheimer’s Disease (CTAD) executive committee, WW FINGERS, and the European Consortium of Alzheimer’s Disease; Celeste A. de Jager Loots received a 1-year research contract from the Foundations FINGERS Brain Health Institute, Sweden which contributed to her salary, and receives annual payments from the MCI and B Vitamin project from the University of Oxford, and has an unpaid advisory role membership at foodforthebrain.org; David Salman is funded by an Imperial College and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) fellowship, and is a paid executive board member for the Primary Care Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine society (PCRMM). All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.