About the Authors

Caroline E. Freiermuth

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Caroline.freiermuth@uc.edu

Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Rachel M. Ancona

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jennifer L. Brown

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

Brittany E. Punches

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Shawn A. Ryan

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Brightview Health LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Tim Ingram

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Hamilton County Public Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Michael S. Lyons

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Shawn Ryan serves as the chief science officer for Brightview. He was involved in the study design and the preparation of this manuscript, although he was not involved in the analysis of data. Funding for evaluation was awarded to the University of Cincinnati to fund time for CF, ML, and BP, none of whom received direct payment. Local health systems in the region funded the efforts of Hamilton County Public Health to manage the inventory and distribution efforts. Dr. Ryan was noted as having a potential competing interest, as he serves as the Chief Science Officer for Brightview. This company contributed to funding that allowed for the evaluation of this project. His involvement does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.