About the Authors

Andrea B. Troxel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Andrea.Troxel@nyulangone.org

‡ ABT and MACB contributed equally to this work and are co-lead authors, SDK and ASF also contributed equally to this work and are co-senior authors.

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Marie-Abele C. Bind

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ ABT and MACB contributed equally to this work and are co-lead authors, SDK and ASF also contributed equally to this work and are co-senior authors.

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Thomas J. Flotte

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America

Carlos Cordon-Cardo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America

Lauren A. Decker

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America

Aloke V. Finn

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America

Robert F. Padera

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

R. Ross Reichard

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America

James R. Stone

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Natalie L. Adolphi

Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America

Faye Victoria C. Casimero

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

John F. Crary

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America

Jamie Elifritz

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Departments of Radiology and Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America

Arline Faustin

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources

Affiliation Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Saikat Kumar B. Ghosh

Roles Project administration

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America

Amanda Krausert

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America

Maria Martinez-Lage

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Jonathan Melamed

Roles Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Anatomical Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, NY, United States of America

Roger A. Mitchell Jr.

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America

Barbara A. Sampson

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America

Alan C. Seifert

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

Aylin Simsir

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Cheryle Adams

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America

Stephanie Haasnoot

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America

Stephanie Hafner

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America

Michelle A. Siciliano

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Brittany B. Vallejos

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of the Medical Investigators, Department of Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America

Phoebe Del Boccio

Roles Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Michelle F. Lamendola-Essel

Roles Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Chloe E. Young

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Deepshikha Kewlani

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Precious A. Akinbo

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Brendan Parent

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Alicia Chung

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Teresa C. Cato

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Praveen C. Mudumbi

Roles Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Shari Esquenazi-Karonika

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Marion J. Wood

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

James Chan

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Jonathan Monteiro

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Daniel J. Shinnick

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Tanayott Thaweethai

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Amber N. Nguyen

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Megan L. Fitzgerald

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Patient-Led Research Collaborative on COVID-19, Washington DC, United States of America

Alice A. Perlowski

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Blooming Magnolia, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

Lauren E. Stiles

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America

Moira L. Paskett

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Anatomical Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, NY, United States of America

Stuart D. Katz

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

‡ ABT and MACB contributed equally to this work and are co-lead authors, SDK and ASF also contributed equally to this work and are co-senior authors.

Affiliation Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Andrea S. Foulkes

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ ABT and MACB contributed equally to this work and are co-lead authors, SDK and ASF also contributed equally to this work and are co-senior authors.

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

on behalf of the RECOVER Initiative Autopsy Group

Membership of the RECOVER Initiative Autopsy Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Brendan Parent reports receiving a research gift from United Therapeutics. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.