Antibiotic resistance, pathotypes, and pathogen-host interactions in Escherichia coli from hospital wastewater in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

About the Authors

Joshua Mbanga

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Nokukhanya P. Kodzai

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Wilhem F. Oosthuysen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Nandrea Health Products, Oudtshoorn, Western Cape, South Africa

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Escherichia coli
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Antibiotic resistance
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Bacterial pathogens
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HeLa cells
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Antibiotics
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Polymerase chain reaction
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DNA
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Intracellular pathogens
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