About the Authors

Nusrat J. Epsi

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

John H. Powers

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

David A. Lindholm

Roles Supervision

Affiliations Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Katrin Mende

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Allison Malloy

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Anuradha Ganesan

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Infectious Disease Clinic, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nikhil Huprikar

Roles Resources

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinic, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Tahaniyat Lalani

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States of America

Alfred Smith

Roles Resources

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States of America

Rupal M. Mody

Roles Resources

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinic, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America

Milissa U. Jones

Roles Resources

Affiliation Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Samantha E. Bazan

Roles Resources

Affiliation Family Nurse Practitioner and Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Program, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, Texas, United States of America

Rhonda E. Colombo

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Infectious Disease Clinic, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America

Christopher J. Colombo

Roles Resources

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinic, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America

Evan C. Ewers

Roles Resources

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, United States of America

Derek T. Larson

Roles Resources

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Internal Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, United States of America, Infectious Disease Clinic, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Catherine M. Berjohn

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Infectious Disease Clinic, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Carlos J. Maldonado

Roles Resources

Affiliation Department of Research and Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, United States of America

Paul W. Blair

Roles Resources

Affiliations Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Josh Chenoweth

Roles Resources

Affiliation Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David L. Saunders

Roles Resources

Affiliation Translational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jeffrey Livezey

Roles Resources

Affiliation Translational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ryan C. Maves

Roles Resources

Affiliation Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Margaret Sanchez Edwards

Roles Resources

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Julia S. Rozman

Roles Project administration

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mark P. Simons

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David R. Tribble

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Brian K. Agan

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Timothy H. Burgess

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Simon D. Pollett

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Stephanie A. Richard

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

srichard@idcrp.org

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

for the EPICC COVID-19 Cohort Study Group

** Membership of the EPICC COVID-19 Cohort Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Potential conflicts of interest. S. D. P., T. H. B, D.R.T, and M.P.S. report that the Uniformed Services University (USU) Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a US Department of Defense institution, and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) were funded under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement to conduct an unrelated phase III COVID-19 monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded by the Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense to augment the conduct of an unrelated phase III vaccine trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. Both of these trials were part of the US Government COVID-19 response. Neither is related to the work presented here. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.