About the Authors

Yo Han Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

☯ These authors contributed equally to this work and as co-first authors.

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Hyun-Hee Heo

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

☯ These authors contributed equally to this work and as co-first authors.

Affiliation Institute for Future Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Hyerim Noh

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Deok Hyun Jang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Analytics & Communications, Gallup Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Young-Geun Choi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

ygchoi@sookmyung.ac.kr (YGC); thomasj@snu.ac.kr (WMJ)

‡ YGC and WMJ also contributed equally to this work and as co-corresponding authors.

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Won Mo Jang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

ygchoi@sookmyung.ac.kr (YGC); thomasj@snu.ac.kr (WMJ)

‡ YGC and WMJ also contributed equally to this work and as co-corresponding authors.

Affiliations Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government – Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Jin Yong Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Competing Interests

Jang DH is affiliated with Gallup Korea (https://www.gallup.co.kr/), but did not receive any funding from them for this. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.