About the Authors

Axel Benhamed

Contributed equally to this work with: Axel Benhamed, Brice Batomen, Marcel Émond

Roles Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Département de médecine d’urgence, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d’Accueil des Urgences–SAMU 69, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Research On Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France

Brice Batomen

Contributed equally to this work with: Axel Benhamed, Brice Batomen, Marcel Émond

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Dalla Lana school of public health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Valérie Boucher

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

‡ VB and CJI also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Krishan Yadav

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Éric Mercier

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Département de médecine d’urgence, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Chartelin Jean Isaac

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

‡ VB and CJI also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Mélanie Bérubé

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Francis Bernard

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Jean- Marc Chauny

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Center, CIUSSS-Nord-de-l’Île de-Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

Lynne Moore

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada

Marie Josée Sirois

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Karim Tazarourte

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d’Accueil des Urgences–SAMU 69, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Research On Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France

Amaury Gossiome

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d’Accueil des Urgences–SAMU 69, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France

Marcel Émond

Contributed equally to this work with: Axel Benhamed, Brice Batomen, Marcel Émond

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

marcel.emond@fmed.ulaval.ca

Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, Département de médecine d’urgence, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.