About the Authors

Tongxin Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

tongxin.chen.18@ucl.ac.uk (TC); tao.cheng@ucl.ac.uk (TC)

Affiliation SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Di Zhu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Geography, Environment and Society, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States of America

Tao Cheng

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

tongxin.chen.18@ucl.ac.uk (TC); tao.cheng@ucl.ac.uk (TC)

Affiliation SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Xiaowei Gao

Roles Data curation, Software, Visualization

Affiliation SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Huanfa Chen

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.