About the Authors

Kazuya Takaguchi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The Department of Ethics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Andreas Kappes

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

Affiliation City, University of London, London, United Kingdom

James M. Yearsley

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation City, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Tsutomu Sawai

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliations Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Dominic J. C. Wilkinson

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dominic.wilkinson@philosophy.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia

Julian Savulescu

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Melbourne Law School, Melbourne, Australia

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Julian Savulescu is a Partner Investigator on an Australian Research Council grant which involves industry partnership from Illumina (project unrelated to this study). He does not personally receive any funds from Illumina. He is an ethics consultant for Avon Cosmetics Ltd (2021-2023) and a Bioethics Committee consultant for Bayer. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.