About the Authors

Frederik Wessels

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Max Schmitt

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Eva Krieghoff-Henning

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Jakob N. Kather

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Malin Nientiedt

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Maximilian C. Kriegmair

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Thomas S. Worst

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Manuel Neuberger

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Matthias Steeg

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Zoran V. Popovic

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Timo Gaiser

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Christof von Kalle

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical-Translational Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Jochen S. Utikal

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Mannheim and Heidelberg, Germany

Stefan Fröhling

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Maurice S. Michel

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Philipp Nuhn

Contributed equally to this work with: Philipp Nuhn, Titus J. Brinker

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology & Urological Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

Titus J. Brinker

Contributed equally to this work with: Philipp Nuhn, Titus J. Brinker

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

titus.brinker@dkfz.de

Affiliation Digital Biomarkers for Oncology Group, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Competing Interests

TJ Brinker would like to disclose that he is the owner of Smart Health Heidelberg GmbH (Handschuhsheimer Landstr. 9/1, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany) which develops mobile apps, outside of the submitted work. JNK declares consulting services for Owkin, France and Panakeia, UK, outside of the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.