About the Authors

Denise Forshaw

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom

Emma C. Wall

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Gordon Prescott

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom

Hakim-Moulay Dehbi

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Angela Green

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Physiotherapy, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom

Emily Attree

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation STIMULATE-ICP PPI Team

Lyth Hismeh

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation STIMULATE-ICP PPI Team

William D. Strain

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, Academic Department of Healthcare for Older People, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom

Michael G. Crooks

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Academic Respiratory Medicine, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom, Hull York Medical School, Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom

Caroline Watkins

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom

Chris Robson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Living With, London, United Kingdom

Rajarshi Banerjee

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Perspectum, Oxford, United Kingdom

Paula Lorgelly

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Melissa Heightman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, NHS England, London, United Kingdom

Amitava Banerjee

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ami.banerjee@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

the STIMULATE-ICP trial team

Membership of the STIMULATE-ICP trial team is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: WDS holds research grants from Bayer, Novo Nordisk and Novartis and has received speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Napp, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Takeda, outside the submitted work. WDS is supported by the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for the South-West Peninsula. MGC has received honoraria, fees for advisory boards, and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, BI, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, and Pfizer and grants from AstraZeneca, BI, Chiesi, and Pfizer. CR is director of Living With, which developed Living With COVID RecoveryTM and other digital health interventions used in healthcare systems including the NHS. RB is CEO of Perspectum, which developed CoverscanTM. AB has received research funding from NIHR, British Medical Association, Astra Zeneca, National Institute of Aging and European Union. AB is a Trustee of Long COVID SoS. All other authors report no competing interests. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.