About the Authors

Sze Ling Chan

Contributed equally to this work with: Sze Ling Chan, Jin Wee Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Jin Wee Lee

Contributed equally to this work with: Sze Ling Chan, Jin Wee Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Prehospital Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Fahad Javaid Siddiqui

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Prehospital Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Nicholas Graves

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Andrew Fu Wah Ho

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Prehospital Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Nan Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg

Affiliations Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Prehospital Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth AI Health Program, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.