About the Authors

Medge D. Owen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

Hebah M. Ismail

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

hebahismail@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

David Goodman

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies, Orlando, FL, United States of America

Mariam Batakji

Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America

Sung Min Kim

Roles Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America

Adeyemi Olufolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America

Emmanuel K. Srofenyoh

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: MDO, YO and EKS report a sub-grant to Kybele-Ghana from USAID Systems for Health (FY16-CR05-6017). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.