About the Authors

Ruby Doryn Mcharo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

mcharo7@hotmail.com

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania

Abisai Kisinda

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Lilian Njovu

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Miri Mcharo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Florida Mbwilo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Getrude Mihale

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Beatrice Komba

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Ernest Andrew

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Philippe Mayaud

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom

Arne Kroidl

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany

Olena Ivanova

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany

Sia Emmanueli Msuya

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania, Community Health Department, KCMC Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania, Department of Community Health, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.