About the Authors

Fumihide Shinohara

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Department of Acute and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Intensive Care Unit, Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Takeshi Unoki

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

iwhyh1029@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Acute and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Megumi Horikawa

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Intensive Care Unit, Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.