About the Authors

Karen Mulligan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

karenmul@usc.edu

Affiliations Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Leonard D. Schaffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Seema Choksy

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Leonard D. Schaffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Catherine Ishitani

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of Health Care and Management, Wharton School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Affiliation Leonard D. Schaffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

John A. Romley

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Leonard D. Schaffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have received funding from the California Hospital Association, and John Romley receives funding from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, both outside of the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.