About the Authors

Albert J. Burgess-Hull

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

albert.burgess-hull@nih.gov

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kirsten E. Smith

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Leigh V. Panlilio

Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Destiny Schriefer

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kenzie L. Preston

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Aliese Alter

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of National Drug Control Policy, High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, Washington, DC, United States of America

Christopher Yeager

Roles Data curation, Visualization

Affiliation Office of National Drug Control Policy, High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, Washington, DC, United States of America

Timothy Chizmar

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ted Delbridge

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kenan Zamore

Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation District of Columbia Department of Health, Washington, DC, United States of America

Jeff Beeson

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Office of National Drug Control Policy, High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, Washington, DC, United States of America

David H. Epstein

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.