About the Authors

Na Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Na Liu, Philip Shapira

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Management, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China

Philip Shapira

Contributed equally to this work with: Na Liu, Philip Shapira

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

pshapira@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliations Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester United Kingdom, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Xiaoxu Yue

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Jiancheng Guan

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.