About the Authors

Ritsu Kitagawa

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Sachiko Kuroda

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

s-kuroda@waseda.jp

Affiliation Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University; The Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroko Okudaira

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Business School, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

Hideo Owan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University; The Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.