About the Authors

Brandon J. Webb

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Brandon.Webb@imail.org

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Nicholas M. Levin

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Nancy Grisel

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Intermountain Healthcare, Enterprise Analytics, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Samuel M. Brown

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Ithan D. Peltan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Emily S. Spivak

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Mark Shah

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Eddie Stenehjem

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America, Intermountain Healthcare, Office of Patient Experience, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

Joseph Bledsoe

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America, Stanford Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

IP reports salary support through a grant from the National Institutes of Health (U.S.A). SB reports salary support from the U.S. NIH, Centers for Disease Control and the Department of Defense; he also reports receiving support for chairing a data and safety monitoring board for a respiratory failure trial sponsored by Hamilton, effort paid to Intermountain for steering committee work for Faron Pharmaceuticals and Sedana Pharmaceuticals for ARDS work, support from Janssen for Influenza research, and royalties for books on religion and ethics from Oxford University Press/Brigham Young University. BW reports partial salary support from a U.S. Federal grant from AHRQ. ES receives partial salary support through grants from the Centers for Disease Control. At the time of submission, Intermountain Healthcare and the University of Utah have participated in COVID-19 trials sponsored by: Abbvie, Genentech, Gilead, Regeneron, Roche, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health ACTIV and PETAL clinical trials networks; several authors (BW, IP, JB, SB, ES) were site investigators on these trials but received no direct or indirect remuneration for their effort. ES, BJW, SMB and MS are members of the Utah crisis standards of care scarce medication committee. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.At the time of submission, Intermountain Healthcare and the University of Utah have participated in COVID-19 trials sponsored by: Abbvie, Genentech, Gilead, Regeneron, Roche, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health ACTIV and PETAL clinical trials networks; several authors (BW, IP, JB, SB, ES) were site investigators on these trials but received no direct or indirect remuneration for their effort. ES, BJW, SMB and MS are members of the Utah crisis standards of care scarce medication committee.