About the Authors

Emanuele Focà

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy

Andrea Calcagno

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

Stefano Calza

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, BDbiomed lab, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Stefano Renzetti

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, BDbiomed lab, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Annacarla Chiesa

Roles Writing – original draft

annacarla.chiesa@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy

Matteo Siano

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation 3rd Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Milano, L. Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy

Giuseppe De Socio

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Stefania Piconi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation 1st Division of Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Milano, L. Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy

Giancarlo Orofino

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Infectious Diseases, ’Divisione A’, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASLTO2, Torino, Italy

Giordano Madeddu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Anna Maria Cattelan

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Padova, Padova, Italy

Silvia Nozza

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

Micol Ferrara

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

Jovana Milic

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mother, Child and Adult Medicine and Surgical Science, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Benedetto Maurizio Celesia

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy

Francesco Castelli

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy

Giovanni Guaraldi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mother, Child and Adult Medicine and Surgical Science, Infectious Disease Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Competing Interests

All the authors received nonspecific funding for this work. Emanuele Focà received research grants from Gilead and ViiV, speaker’s honoraria from Gilead, Janssen- Cilag, Menarini, MSD and ViiV and attendee advisory boards of Gilead, Janssen-Cilag and ViiV. Andrea Calcagno received research grants from Gilead and ViiV and speaker’s honoraria from Gilead, Insmed, Janssen-Cilag, MSD and ViiV. Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio attended advisory board of Janssen-Cilag and ViiV. Giovanni Guaraldi received research grant and speaker honorarium from Gilead, ViiV, MERCK and Jansen. He attended advisory boards of Gilead, ViiV and MERCK. Giordano Madeddu received speaker and advisor fees from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp and Dohme and ViiV. Benedetto Maurizio Celesia received research grants from Gilead and ViiV, speaker’s honoraria from Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, MSD and ViiV and attendee advisory boards of Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Mylan and ViiV. Silvia Nozza received research grants from Gilead, speaker’s honoraria from Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, MSD and ViiV The other Authors have no conflicts to disclose. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.