About the Authors

Yiyun Chen

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

star.chen@merck.com

Affiliation Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Craig S. Roberts

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Wanmei Ou

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Tanaz Petigara

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Gregory V. Goldmacher

Roles Methodology, Validation

Affiliation Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America

Nicholas Fancourt

Roles Data curation, Supervision

Affiliation Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia

Maria Deloria Knoll

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Yiyun Chen, Tanaz Petigara, Wanmei Ou, Craig S. Robert, Gregory V. Goldmacher were employees of Merck & Co., Inc. during the conduct of the study. Maria Deloria Knoll received grant from Merck & Co. to cover expenses related to preparing the PERCH dataset shared for use in the study, and for consulting on the manuscripts. The commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.