About the Authors
- Niklas Bobrovitz
-
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: niklas.bobrovitz@mail.utoronto.ca
¶‡ NB and RKA contributed equally to this work and served as co-first authors. JP and MPC also contributed equally to this work and served as co-senior authors.
Affiliations Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Rahul Krishan Arora
-
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
¶‡ NB and RKA contributed equally to this work and served as co-first authors. JP and MPC also contributed equally to this work and served as co-senior authors.
Affiliations Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Christian Cao
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Emily Boucher
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Michael Liu
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Claire Donnici
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Mercedes Yanes-Lane
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mairead Whelan
-
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sara Perlman-Arrow
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Judy Chen
-
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Hannah Rahim
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Natasha Ilincic
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mitchell Segal
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Nathan Duarte
-
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Jordan Van Wyk
-
Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Tingting Yan
-
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Austin Atmaja
-
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Simona Rocco
-
Roles Data curation, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Abel Joseph
-
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Lucas Penny
-
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- David A. Clifton
-
Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tyler Williamson
-
Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cedric P. Yansouni
-
Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations JD MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Timothy Grant Evans
-
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Jonathan Chevrier
-
Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Jesse Papenburg
-
Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
¶‡ NB and RKA contributed equally to this work and served as co-first authors. JP and MPC also contributed equally to this work and served as co-senior authors.
Affiliation Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Matthew P. Cheng
-
Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
¶‡ NB and RKA contributed equally to this work and served as co-first authors. JP and MPC also contributed equally to this work and served as co-senior authors.
Affiliation Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Competing Interests
MPC reports personal fees from Gen1E Lifesciences (as a member of the scientific advisory board) and personal fees from nplex biosciences (as a member of the scientific advisory board), both outside the submitted work. JP reports grants and personal fees from Seegene and AbbVie, grants from MedImmune and Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. RKA, NB, and TY report grants from the World Health Organization and the Canadian Medical Association for SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance, both outside the submitted work. DAC reports personal fees from Biobeats (https://www.bio-beat.com/), and Sensyne Health during the conduct of the study. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.