About the Authors

Kate L. Lapane

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Divya Shridharmurthy

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America, Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Sara Khan

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Daniel Lindstrom

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate Medical Education, Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Ariel Beccia

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America, Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Esther Yi

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, United States of America

Jonathan Kay

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Catherine Dube

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Shao-Hsien Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

shaohsien.liu@umassmed.edu

Current address: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Kay has served as a consultant to pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Yi is an employee of Novartis. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. These do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.