About the Authors

Raelene M. Cowie

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Philippa Bowland

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Divya Baji

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Hazel L. Fermor

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Eileen Ingham

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

John Fisher

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Louise M. Jennings

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

l.m.jennings@leeds.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: John Fisher is a consultant to DePuy Synthes Joint Reconstruction, Invibio, Tissue Regenix and Simulation Solutions. Eileen Ingham is a consultant to DePuy Synthes and Tissue Regenix and is a shareholder in Tissue Regenix. Research funding and support have been received by the University of Leeds in related areas in which the authors are directly involved as investigators from the following companies: Simulation Solutions, DePuy Synthes, Invibio, Biocomposites, NHS Blood and Transplant, Mathys, Corin, MatOrtho. We can confirm that this does not alter our adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The data will be openly available in the University of Leeds data repository.