About the Authors

Nan Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Marcel Lucas Chee

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Mabel Zhi Qi Foo

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Jeremy Zhenwen Pong

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Dagang Guo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth Duke-NUS Emergency Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore

Zhi Xiong Koh

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Andrew Fu Wah Ho

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Chenglin Niu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Shu-Ling Chong

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Children’s Emergency, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: NL and MEHO are the inventors on a patent (US10299689B2) that is issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office relevant to the material in this paper. NL, DG, ZXK, and MEHO own stock in TIIM Healthcare that produces a product relevant to the subject material. MLC, MZQF, JZP, AFWH, CN, and SLC report no conflict of interest. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.