About the Authors

Sara Dizzell

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Jennifer C. Stearns

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Jenifer Li

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Niels van Best

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliations School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany, Vivo Planetary Health: An Affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey, United States of America

Liene Bervoets

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Monique Mommers

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

John Penders

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology

Affiliations School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Vivo Planetary Health: An Affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey, United States of America, School for Public Health and Primary Care (Caphri), Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Katherine M. Morrison

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Eileen K. Hutton

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

huttone@mcmaster.ca

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

on behalf of the GI-MDH Consortium Partners

Membership of the GI-MDH Consortium Partners is provided in the Acknowledgments. The lead author for this group is Dr. Eileen K Hutton.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.