About the Authors

Nauman Farooq

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Byron Chuan

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Hussain Mahmud

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Samar R. El Khoudary

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Seyed Mehdi Nouraie

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

John Evankovich

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Libing Yang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China

Daniel Dunlap

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

William Bain

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Georgios Kitsios

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Yingze Zhang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Christopher P. O’Donnell

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Bryan J. McVerry

Contributed equally to this work with: Bryan J. McVerry, Faraaz Ali Shah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Faraaz Ali Shah

Contributed equally to this work with: Bryan J. McVerry, Faraaz Ali Shah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

shahfa@upmc.edu

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.