About the Authors

Stylianos Serghiou

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Rebecca M. Marton

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America

John P. A. Ioannidis

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

jioannid@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.