About the Authors

Jeffrey A. Kline

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jefkline@iu.edu

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Carlos A. Camargo Jr.

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

D. Mark Courtney

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Christopher Kabrhel

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kristen E. Nordenholz

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Thomas Aufderheide

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Joshua J. Baugh

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David G. Beiser

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Christopher L. Bennett

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Joseph Bledsoe

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Edward Castillo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Makini Chisolm-Straker

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Elizabeth M. Goldberg

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Hans House

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Stacey House

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louise, Missouri, United States of America

Timothy Jang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Stephen C. Lim

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University Medical Center New Orleans, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America

Troy E. Madsen

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Emergency Medicine, Department Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Danielle M. McCarthy

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Andrew Meltzer

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., DC, United States of America

Stephen Moore

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Craig Newgard

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Justine Pagenhardt

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America

Katherine L. Pettit

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Michael S. Pulia

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Michael A. Puskarich

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Lauren T. Southerland

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Scott Sparks

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Riverside Regional Medical Center, Newport News, Virginia, United States of America

Danielle Turner-Lawrence

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America

Marie Vrablik

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Alfred Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Anthony J. Weekes

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center at Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America

Lauren Westafer

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate Health, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America

John Wilburn

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.