About the Authors

Yingyun Cai

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Shuiqing Yu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Xiaoli Chi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America

Sheli R. Radoshitzky

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America

Jens H. Kuhn

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov (JHK); EBERGER@niaid.nih.gov (EAB)

Affiliation Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Edward A. Berger

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov (JHK); EBERGER@niaid.nih.gov (EAB)

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s former prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I and Laulima Government Solutions, LLC current prime contract with NIAID under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C (S.Y.). Y.C. and J.H.K. performed this work as former employees of Battelle Memorial Institute and current employees of Tunnel Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. Battelle Memorial Institute/Laulima Government Solutions/Tunnell Government Services serve(d) as employers for government contractors only and had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials