About the Authors

Ahmed Gharib Khamis

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ahmadboycd@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Julius Edward Ntwenya

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania

Mbazi Senkoro

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Katharina Kreppel

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania

Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Bassirou Bonfoh

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Gideon Kwesigabo

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.