About the Authors

Harisankar Sreenivasan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Technology, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Wei Cao

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Science, Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Yongfeng Hu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Canada

Qunfeng Xiao

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Canada

Mohsen Shakouri

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Canada

Marko Huttula

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Science, Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

John L. Provis

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Mirja Illikainen

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Technology, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Paivo Kinnunen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

paivo.kinnunen@oulu.fi

Affiliation Faculty of Technology, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.nc. (CLS) has not funded our study directly.