About the Authors

Guoyin Cai

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

cgyin@bucea.edu.cn

Affiliations School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China

Jinxi Zhang

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation

Affiliation School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China

Mingyi Du

Roles Resources

Affiliations School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China

Chaopeng Li

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China

Shu Peng

Roles Project administration

Affiliation National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.