About the Authors

Noboru Katayama

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

n-kata@res.otaru-uc.ac.jp

Current address: General Education, Faculty of Commerce, Otaru University of Commerce, Midori, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Osamu Kishida

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Current address: Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Chikako Miyoshi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Shintaro Hayakashi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Kinya Ito

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Rei Sakai

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Aiko Naniwa

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Hiroyuki Takahashi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Kentaro Takagi

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

Affiliation Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.