About the Authors

Risa Takashima

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Ryuta Onishi

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Comprehensive Development Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Kazuko Saeki

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Nursing, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Toyama, Japan, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Michiyo Hirano

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

mihirano@med.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Comprehensive Development Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

This study received unrestricted research grants from Nihon Unisys, Ltd. A researcher of Nihon Unisys, Ltd. played a role in data collection. This relationship does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.