About the Authors

Luyu Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

liu.6544@osu.edu

Affiliations Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Harvey J. Miller

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Jonathan Scheff

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Transit App Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Competing Interests

[Competing Interests Statement]: The first two authors, Luyu Liu and Harvey J. Miller, declare no competing interests. The third author Jonathan Scheff is currently employed at Transit app Inc. as a data scientist. We confirm that this commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.