About the Authors

Yongtao Liu

Roles Formal analysis

chenyisong_1988@chd.edu.cn (YC); liuyongtao86@chd.edu.cn (YL)

Affiliation School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

Jie Qiao

Roles Conceptualization

Affiliation School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

Haibo Xu

Roles Data curation

Affiliation School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

Jiahui Liu

Roles Funding acquisition

Affiliation School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

Yisong Chen

Roles Writing – review & editing

chenyisong_1988@chd.edu.cn (YC); liuyongtao86@chd.edu.cn (YL)

Affiliation School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.