About the Authors

Nizam Abdullah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Farah Al Marzooq

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE

Suharni Mohamad

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

suharni@usm.my

Affiliation School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Normastura Abd Rahman

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Koippallil Gopalakrishnan Aghila Rani

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE

Hien Chi Ngo

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia

Lakshman Perera Samaranayake

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SAR)

Competing Interests

Hien Chi Ngo is a co-developer of Riva-Star, SDI, Bayswater, Australia. Other authors declare no conflict of interest. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.