About the Authors

Wendy Grant-McAuley

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jessica M. Fogel

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Noya Galai

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Israel

William Clarke

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Autumn Breaud

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Mark A. Marzinke

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jessie Mbwambo

Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Muhimibili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Samuel Likindikoki

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Muhimibili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Said Aboud

Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimibili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Yeycy Donastorg

Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unidad de Investigacion de Vacunas, Instituto Dermatologico y Cirugia de la Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Martha Perez

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unidad de Investigacion de Vacunas, Instituto Dermatologico y Cirugia de la Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Clare Barrington

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Wendy Davis

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

Deanna Kerrigan

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center on Health, Risk and Society, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

Susan H. Eshleman

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

seshlem@jhmi.edu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

None of the authors have a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work, with the following exceptions: Susan Eshleman has collaborated on research studies with investigators from Abbott Diagnostics; Abbott Diagnostics has provided reagents for collaborative research studies. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.