About the Authors

Armand Zimmerman

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Samara Fox

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Randi Griffin

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Taylor Nelp

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz

Roles Formal analysis, Visualization

Affiliation Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil

Mark Mvungi

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

Blandina T. Mmbaga

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

Francis Sakita

Roles Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

Charles J. Gerardo

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Catherine A. Staton

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

catherine.staton@duke.edu

Affiliations Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.