About the Authors

Wilbert Mbuya

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Ruby Mcharo

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam -Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Mbeya, Tanzania

Jacklina Mhizde

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Jonathan Mnkai

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Anifrid Mahenge

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Maria Mwakatima

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Wolfram Mwalongo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Nhamo Chiwerengo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania

Michael Hölscher

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Tessa Lennemann

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Elmar Saathoff

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

France Rwegoshora

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania

Liset Torres

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania

Arne Kroidl

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Christof Geldmacher

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Kathrin Held

Contributed equally to this work with: Kathrin Held, Mkunde Chachage

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Mkunde Chachage

Contributed equally to this work with: Kathrin Held, Mkunde Chachage

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

mchachage@nimr-mmrc.org

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research–Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam -Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Mbeya, Tanzania, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.