About the Authors

Monique S. Haynes

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Kareme D. Alder

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Kirthi Bellamkonda

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Lovemore Kuzomunhu

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Washington University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jonathan N. Grauer

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

jonathan.grauer@yale.edu

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Competing Interests

Competing interests include personal fees from TIDI Products and North American Spine Society Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. These interests do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.