About the Authors

Nancy Q. Zhao

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy Q. Zhao, Elena Vendrame

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Elena Vendrame

Contributed equally to this work with: Nancy Q. Zhao, Elena Vendrame

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Anne-Maud Ferreira

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Christof Seiler

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Thanmayi Ranganath

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Michel Alary

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada

Annie-Claude Labbé

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, Service de maladies infectieuses et microbiologie, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Canada

Fernand Guédou

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dispensaire IST, Cotonou, Bénin

Johanne Poudrier

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

Susan Holmes

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Michel Roger

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

cblish@stanford.edu (CAB); michel.roger.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca (MR)

Affiliation Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

Catherine A. Blish

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

cblish@stanford.edu (CAB); michel.roger.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca (MR)

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infection Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.