About the Authors

Sherwin Azad

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Daniel Oravec

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Timothy Baumer

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Andrew Schildcrout

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Parnell White

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Azam Basheer

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Michael J. Bey

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Stephen W. Bartol

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Victor Chang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Yener N. Yeni

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

yeni@bjc.hfh.edu

Affiliation Bone and Joint Center, Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: AB reports personal fees from SeaSpine Holdings, personal fees from Depuy Synthes Spine, outside the submitted work. SWB reports personal fees from DePuy Synthes, outside the submitted work. VC reports personal fees from Globus Medical, other from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, outside the submitted work. All authors are affiliated with Henry Ford Health System. DO, TB, AB, MJB, SWB, VC and YNY are salaried employees, and SA, AS are PW unpaid research volunteers. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.